Destaque

Jardins franceses foram rebaixados

Você sabia que, em 1895, quando o Museu do Ipiranga foi inaugurado, o prédio era cercado por mato alto? Somente em 1907, o paisagista belga Arsênius Puttemans fez o primeiro projeto dos jardins, reproduzindo um paisagismo inspirado nos jardins barrocos franceses, como o do Palácio de Versailles. O primeiro jardim, então, foi inaugurado em 1909, mas dez anos depois, em 1919, foi destruído para as obras em comemoração ao centenário da Independência, em 1922.

A decisão de fazer um novo jardim se deu porque o terreno do Museu do Ipiranga era plano. O jardim ficava no mesmo nível do edifício-monumento e havia um único lance de degraus em sua escadaria central. Como foi construído um novo monumento perto da Avenida D. Pedro I (antes chamada de Avenida da Independência), resolveram rebaixar o jardim para que o Museu continuasse em destaque na colina. O projeto do novo jardim foi do francês Félix Emile Cochet, que tinha viajado ao Brasil para fazer os jardins do Palácio das Laranjeiras, atual residência do governador do Rio.

A esplanada à frente do Museu foi rebaixada em 14 metros e construíram uma grande escadaria, ligando o edifício ao jardim. A obra deu maior visão ao prédio, além de reforçar a perspectiva em direção ao Monumento à Independência e à Avenida D. Pedro I.

As fontes e os chafarizes do Museu foram criados pelo urbanista Prestes Maia, no primeiro centenário da Independência. Foram construídos também os tanques circundados pelos jardins franceses. Com capacidade para 850 mil litros, a fonte é composta por um espaço de coleta de água, que transborda e enche tanques- -piscinas menores, como uma cascata. O espelho d’água foi construído em patamares, aproveitando o declive do terreno. Há também uma série de vasos e esculturas inspirados em seres mitológicos e chafarizes com canhões de água que estão desativados há vários anos. Outro destaque do espaço é o calçamento português, com pedras brancas e pretas, e mosaico de dois dragões, símbolo da família imperial do Brasil.

O jardim do Museu do Ipiranga foi o terceiro de grande porte construído na história de São Paulo, depois do Jardim da Luz e do Jardim da extinta Ilha dos Amores, que ficava no Parque do Dom Pedro II, nas proximidades da atual Rua 25 de Março. Considerado patrimônio da cidade, é um dos principais cartões-postais de São Paulo há quase um século. No projeto do Novo Museu do Ipiranga, os jardins também serão reformados. A entrada dos visitantes não mais será feita pela escadaria frontal do prédio, mas sim pelas laterais do espelho d’água, no nível do parque.

Ao longo dos anos, não foi apenas a parte frontal do Museu que sofreu alterações. No começo do século 20, Hermann von Ihering (diretor do Museu) e Hermann Luederwaldt (naturalista do Museu) organizaram um horto botânico nos fundos do edifício, com inúmeras espécies nativas e exóticas. Em 1922, na gestão de Afonso Taunay, o espaço foi ampliado e se tornou o Horto Botânico do Museu Paulista com boa representatividade da flora paulista e de outros exemplares. Após 1928, o horto perdeu suas características e foi transformado em parque público.

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